Tailoring the hydrophilic and hydrophobic reaction fields of the electrode interface on single crystal Pt electrodes for hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions

Interfacial hydrophobic/hydrophilic reaction fields significantly affect various reactions at the electrode surface. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) have been investigated on single crystal Pt electrodes modified with hydrophobic/hydrophilic cations and anion-exchange copolymers in alkaline solutions. In alkali metal hydroxide solutions, Pt (110) exhibits the highest HER/HOR activity in the low-index planes of Pt. On the low-index planes of Pt, the hydrophilicity of the alkali metal cation in the supporting electrolyte activates the HER/HOR depending on its hydration energy. Hydrophilic cations at the interface facilitate the extraction of hydrogen from the hydrated water. The modification of anion-exchange copolymers with a hydrophobic skeleton on Pt (110) further enhanced the HER/HOR activity. The hydrogen bonding network formed around the hydrophobic species facilitated the mobility of water molecules and the OH⁻ as the reactant/product of the HER/HOR. Appropriately forming hydrophilic and hydrophobic reaction fields at the interface improved the HER/HOR activity.     

A theoretically-based novel protocol for the analytic treatment of the glass failure stresses associated with coaxial double ring test method

With the aim of validating a new standardized Coaxial Double Ring testing procedure, without overpressure and with fixed geometry, an ad hoc theoretical approach has been proposed here to rearrange the laboratory outcomes accounting for the effects of the geometric non-linearities associated with such a testing configuration. By borrowing this idea, once the experimental values of the failure load have been determined, it has been possible to obtain an expression in closed form (fully defined by only two coefficients) of the maximum tensile stress (σ_max) in the core of the specimen. Following this, in order to make the laboratory outcomes comparable and homogeneous, the σ_max-values have been then re-scaled to a common reference condition (equibiaxial stress on a reference area, σ_eqbx), by means of the use of a correction coefficient (K) able to determine, under a condition of equal probability of failure, the effective area (A_eff) of the tested specimens. After being corrected to account for the effects of the stress corrosion cracking (static fatigue effect), all re-scaled data have been finally interpreted using a Weibull-type statistical distribution to determine the main fractile values of the glass strength. Doing so, despite some unavoidable approximations, this procedure furnished a highly effective means of determining the bending strength of float glass. Unlike the pure numerical approach proposed in codes and literature, which requires to correct the experimental data via FEM simulation, the rationale behind the proposed approach is in fact to elaborate the experimental data through an analytic treatment of the problem, which would greatly facilitate the interpretation of the data as well as the standardization of the testing procedure.     

“双闪”铜冶炼工艺技术的发展

“双闪”铜冶炼工艺技术具有环境指标优越、综合能耗低、自动化程度高等优势，在中国得到广泛应用，目前中国已建成4个“双闪”铜冶炼厂，1个正在建设。通过对肯尼科特犹他冶炼厂、阳谷祥光铜业有限公司、铜陵有色金冠铜业分公司、广西金川有色金属有限公司、中铜东南铜业有限公司以及阳新弘盛铜业有限公司“双闪”铜冶炼工艺技术进行对比，研究了铜精矿干燥、铜精矿输送、闪速熔炼、冰铜粒化、冰铜制粉和输送、闪速吹炼、阳极精炼、残极处理以及烟气处理等工艺技术的发展情况，为“双闪”铜冶炼工艺技术的应用，以及未来的发展方向提供思路。     

千米深井大断面硐室双强壳体支护成套技术的应用

从分析深井高应力大断面巷道和硐室破碎围岩的变形破坏特点入手,指出巷道稳定性的控制机理在于及时强化失稳区围岩的残余强度,阻止初次失稳的发展,并施加高强的主动支护结构,从而使巷道进入二次稳定状态,同时采取高强的被动封闭支护技术。提出了全断面双强壳体支护设计、3S耦合协调支护设计和抗张拉强基础梁支护设计等设计方案来控制巷道变形。并对绞车房进行现场施工,支护效果良好,达到预期目标。     

一种宽带宽波束双圆极化天线设计

针对卫星移动通信系统,文中设计了一种新型圆极化微带天线。通过使用四臂“L”形探针、寄生层叠结构和带状线馈电网络实现了宽带、宽波束和双圆极化工作。对原理样机进行测试,结果表明,天线在20%的工作带宽内电压驻波比＜2.0∶[KG-2mm]1,轴比＜3.2 dB,3 dB波束宽度＞120°。     

镁-铝类水滑石的摩擦性能

以菱镁矿为原料,通过化学分解--水热法合成镁铝类水滑石,利用月桂酸钠对合成样品进行表面改性,以提高类水滑石粉体在润滑介质中的分散性。月桂酸钠的最佳添加量占浆液质量5%。分别采用微振动(SRV)摩擦实验和四球摩擦实验表征改性类水滑石粉体的摩擦性能。结果表明:类水滑石粉体作为减摩材料,其合理的添加量为30g/L基础油。类水滑石粉体可显著降低摩擦副间的摩擦系数,是一种具有潜在应用价值的减摩材料。     

双电层电容器用中微双孔活性炭的研究进展

文章介绍了中微双孔活性炭的制备方法,综述了用作双电层电容器的最新应用研究,为中微双孔活性炭在双电层电容器中的应用提供参考。     

甲醇单效精馏与双效精馏的能耗分析与对比

结合唐山中润煤化工有限公司的实际工况,以流程模拟软件为基本分析工具,将单效精馏系统与双效精馏系统的能耗进行了计算与对比,计算数据表明,就系统的蒸汽消耗量和冷却水使用量,双效精馏系统比单效精馏系统低一半以上。并对实际工况下双效精馏系统的能量传递进行了分析,解释了实际工况下常压塔顶呈现负压的原因。     

Electrohydrostatics of capillary switches

A capillary switch is a system of two liquid drops, one sessile and the other pendant, obtained by overfilling a hole of radius R in a plate. When surface tension dominates gravity, the equilibrium shapes of the drops are spherical sections of equal radii. If the combined volume of the top V_T and bottom V_B drops exceeds , the system has three equilibrium states of which two are stable. This bistability is exploited in applications by toggling the system between its two stable states. Here, we examine the effectiveness of using an electric field for toggling. Bifurcation diagrams are obtained that depict how the system's response varies with applied field strength E, and show loss of stability at turning points and the possibility of hysteresis. A phase diagram in space is presented to readily infer when an electric field is an effective means for toggling. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1451–1459, 2014     

不稳定交联剂在微球合成中的应用及性能影响

通过Ⅰ型稳定交联剂(MBA)与Ⅱ型不稳定交联剂(PEGDA)复合使用,采用反相乳液聚合法制备一种不稳定交联微球。通过本体聚合法考察PEGDA的分解温度为60~65℃,并结合激光粒度仪研究Ⅱ型交联剂对微球粒径、膨胀性能的影响,SEM观察微球水化前后的形态。研究发现,适量的Ⅱ型交联剂与MBA复合使用能够减小微球的初始粒径;微球水化前后形态近似球形,初始粒径约为3μm,膨胀后颗粒间发生团聚作用;不稳定交联微球尺寸分布较宽,在常温下几乎不膨胀,60℃后Ⅱ型交联剂失效,微球膨胀速率加快,膨胀倍率优于单一交联微球,1.95×105mg/L矿化度地层水中,微球18 h内中值粒径(D0.5)从13.94μm增加到70.71μm。